Linux\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Unix\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5728linux\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6761\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5bf9linux\u76f8\u5f53\u719f\u6089\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\/<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u5728\/\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\/\u5c31\u662fLinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/bin<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>bin \u5c31\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff08binary\uff09\u82f1\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e\u5230linux\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 ls\u3001cp\u3001mkdir\u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b\u529f\u80fd\u548c\/usr\/bin\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3001\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u662f\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/boot<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>Linux\u7684\u5185\u6838\u53ca\u5f15\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 vmlinuz initrd.img \u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cGRUB\u6216LILO\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u5bfc\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4e5f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/cdrom<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\u4f60\u521a\u521a\u5b89\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5149\u9a71\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1amount \/dev\/cdrom \/cdrom<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/dev<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>dev \u662f\u8bbe\u5907\uff08device)\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u7684windows,dos\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/etc<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>etc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662flinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u65f6\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cx\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/home<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u540d\u662f”xx”,\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\/home\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\/home\/xx\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/lib<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>lib\u662f\u5e93\uff08library\uff09\u82f1\u6587\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u8fde\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/lost+found<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u5728ext2\u6216ext3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u610f\u5916\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u673a\u5668\u610f\u5916\u5173\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u788e\u7247\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2dfsck\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u590d\u5df2\u7ecf\u635f\u574f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u79fb\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528\u624b\u5de5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u6216\u79fb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/mnt<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u6302\u8f7d\u50a8\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6709cdrom \u7b49\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u770b\/etc\/fstab\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u628a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\/etc\/fstab\u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\uff1b\u6bd4\u5982\u5149\u9a71\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\/mnt\/cdrom\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/media<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u6709\u4e9blinux\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u6302\u8f7d\u90a3\u4e9busb\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u786c\u76d8\uff08\u5305\u62ecU\u76d8\uff09\u3001CD\/DVD\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/opt<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f60\u60f3\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6700\u65b0\u7684firefox\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7248\u5417?\u90a3\u5c31\u88c5\u5230\/opt\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5427\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b8c\uff0c\u60f3\u5220\u6389firefox\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef \u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\/opt\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/proc<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5df1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u53ca\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982cpu\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\uff09\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\/proc\u76ee\u5f55\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfproc\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cproc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1 \/etc\/fstab<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/root<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>Linux\u8d85\u7ea7\u6743\u9650\u7528\u6237root\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/sbin<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5927\u591a\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b58\u653e\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u6743\u9650\u7528\u6237root\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5b58\u653e\u5730\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\/usr\/sbin; \/usr\/X11R6\/sbin\u6216\/usr\/local\/sbin\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u76ee\u5f55sbin\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u90fd\u662froot\u6743\u9650\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/selinux \u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5bf9SElinux\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cSElinux\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684linux\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/srv\u00a0<\/strong>\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cwww\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\/srv\/www\u4e2d<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/sys<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>Linux \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e proc \u6709\u4e9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u4e86\u4e0e proc \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5177\u6709\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e3a Linux \u7edf\u4e00\u8bbe\u5907\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/tmp<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\/tmp\u5c31\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u3002\/var\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/usr<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
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<\/div>\n
\/usr\/local<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u90a3\u4e9b\u624b\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u65b0\u7acb\u5f97\u201d\u6216apt-get\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u548c\/usr\u76ee\u5f55\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8ba9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\/usr\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff08scripts)\u653e\u5230\/usr\/local\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/usr\/share<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5171\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5b58\u653e\u5730\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \/usr\/share\/fonts \u662f\u5b57\u4f53\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\/usr\/share\/doc\u548c\/usr\/share\/man\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\/var<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3avary\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\/var\u4e0b\u6709\/var\/log \u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\/var\/ www\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49Apache\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ad9\u70b9\u5b58\u653e\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\/var\/lib \u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982MySQL\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff08d\u6216 -\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002Linux\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff08regular file\uff09\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u4eec\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531ls -al\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a [-]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 [-rwxrwxrwx]\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53c8\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff08ASCII\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u662fUnix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8bbe \u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u201ccat ~\/.bashrc\u201d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08cat\u662f\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff08binary\uff09\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728GNU\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e2d\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u5b9e\u4ec5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff08binary file\uff09\u3002Linux\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6279\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u7b97\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4cat\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08data\uff09\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08data file\uff09\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cLinux\u5728\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u767b\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 \/var\/log\/wtmp\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7last\u547d\u4ee4\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528cat\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bfb\u51fa\u4e71\u7801\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u76ee\u5f55\uff08directory\uff09\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a [d]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 [drwxrwxrwx]\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff08link\uff09\uff1a\u7c7b\u4f3cWindows\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a [l]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 [lrwxrwxrwx]\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff08device\uff09\uff1a\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u8bbe\u53ca\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 \/dev\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5757\uff08block\uff09\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u786c\u76d8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u53f7\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f \/dev\/hda1\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a [b]\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5b57\u7b26\uff08character\uff09\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5373\u4e32\u884c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u952e\u76d8\u3001\u9f20\u6807\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a [c]\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff08sockets\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e<\/a>\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a [s]\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u5728 \/var\/run\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u7ba1\u9053\uff08FIFO,pipe\uff09\uff1aFIFO\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002FIFO\u662ffirst-in-first-out\uff08\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a [p]\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f
\nLILO\uff08LInux LOader)\uff0cLILO\u4ee3\u8868Linux\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002LILO\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u9009\u62e9\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
GNU GRUB\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u201cGRUB\u201d\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81eaGNU\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u591a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002GRUB\u662f\u591a\u542f\u52a8\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002GRUB\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u533a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u6838\u4f20\u9012\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u7528\u6237
\n\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u6743\u9650\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3aroot\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f
\nLinux\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7248\u672c\u547d\u540d
\nLinux\u5185\u6838\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u662f0.01\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f0.02,0.03,0.10,0.11,0.12\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00GPL\u7248\u672c\uff09\uff0c0.95,0.96,0.97,0.98,0.99\u53ca1.0\u3002\u4ece0.95\u7248\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u8865\u4e01\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8981\u7248\u672c\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\u65e7\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong>\uff081.0\u548c2.6\u7248\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3aA.B.C\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dA,B,C\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
A\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5185\u6838\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u53d1\u751f\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u6539\u53d8\u4e24\u6b21\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff1a1994\u5e74\u76841.0\u53ca1996\u5e74\u76842.0\u3002<\/p>\n
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