\u5728string\u5e93\u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
string.find\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u67e5\u627e\uff09
\nstring.gsub\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\uff09
\nstring.gfind\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u67e5\u627e\uff09
\nstring.gmatch(\u8fd4\u56de\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668)<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u3002\u4e0e \u5176\u4ed6\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0cLua\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528POSIX\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f[4]\uff08\u4e5f\u5199\u4f5cregexp\uff09\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u51fa\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5927\u5c0f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7b26\u5408POSIX\u6807\u51c6\u7684regexp\u5927\u6982\u9700\u89814000\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u6574\u4e2aLua\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u90fd\u5927\u3002\u6743\u8861\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cLua\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ea\u7528\u4e86 500\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0POSIX\u6240\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cLua\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6POSIX\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d \u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
string.gmatch(str, pattern)<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7684\u51fd\u6570. \u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n
s = “hello world from Lua”
\nfor w in string.gmatch(s, “%a+”) do
\nprint(w)
\nend<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5c06\u914d\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50:<\/p>\n
t = {}
\ns = “from=world, to=Lua”
\nfor k, v in string.gmatch(s, “(%w+)=(%w+)”) do
\nt[k]=v
\nend
\nfor k, v in pairs(t) do
\nprint(k, v)
\nend<\/p>\n
string.gsub(str, pattern, repl, n)<\/p>\n
string.gsub()\u51fd\u6570\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6e90\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32str\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u5bf9, \u540c\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u6e90\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c, \u8be5\u526f\u672c\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u66ff\u6362. \u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u6210\u529f\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u6b21\u6570.\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u884c\u4e3a\u7531repl\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u51b3\u5b9a:<\/p>\n
\u5f53repl\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65f6, \u6240\u6709\u6210\u529f\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5747\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u7684repl\u5b57\u4e32.
\n\u5f53repl\u4e3atable\u65f6, \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32, \u51fd\u6570\u5747\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bfb\u627e\u4ee5\u5176\u4e3akey\u503c\u7684table\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20, \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u5143\u7d20. \u5982\u679c\u8be5\u914d\u5bf9\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u6355\u83b7\u4fe1\u606f, \u5219\u4ee5\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a1\u53f7\u7684\u6355\u83b7\u4f5c\u4e3akey\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e.
\n\u5f53repl\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6, \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5747\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u4f20\u5165\u5230\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u53bb.
\n\u5728repl\u662ftable\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u65f6, \u5982\u679c\u8be5table\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u5b57\u4e32\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362\u526f\u672c\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u5b50\u5b57\u4e32. \u5982\u679c\u8be5table\/\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a, \u5c06\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u66ff\u6362.<\/p>\n
n\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u9009, \u5f53\u5b83\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6, string.gsub()\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u5bf9\u6e90\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u524dn\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c.<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50:<\/p>\n
> print(string.gsub(“hello world”, “(%w+)”, “%1 %1”))
\nhello hello world world 2<\/p>\n
> print(string.gsub(“hello Lua”, “(%w+)%s*(%w+)”, “%2 %1”))
\nLua hello 1<\/p>\n
> string.gsub(“hello world”, “%w+”, print)
\nhello world 2<\/p>\n
> lookupTable = {[“hello”] = “hola”, [“world”] = “mundo”}
\n> print(string.gsub(“hello world”, “(%w+)”, lookupTable))
\nhola mundo 2
\nstring.match(str, pattern, init)<\/p>\n
string.match()\u53ea\u5bfb\u627e\u6e90\u5b57\u4e32str\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u5bf9. \u53c2\u6570init\u53ef\u9009, \u6307\u5b9a\u641c\u5bfb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8d77\u70b9, \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a1.<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6210\u529f\u914d\u5bf9\u65f6, \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u914d\u5bf9\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6355\u83b7\u7ed3\u679c; \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6355\u83b7\u6807\u8bb0, \u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6574\u4e2a\u914d\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32. \u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u65f6, \u8fd4\u56denil.
\nstring.match(“abcdaef”, “a”)
\n-> a<\/p>\n
string.reverse(str)
\n\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5217
\nstring.reverse(“abcde”)
\n->edcba<\/p>\n
string.dump(function)
\n\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801(\u51fd\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aLua\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u503c)<\/p>\n
string.find(str, pattern, init, plain)<\/p>\n
string.find \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\uff08subject string\uff09\u5185\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e32\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e32\u8fd4\u56de\u4ed6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56denil.\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5339\u914d\u5355\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f ‘hello’\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684”hello”\u3002\u5f53\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\uff1a\u5339\u914d\u4e32\u5f00\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\ns = “hello world”
\nstring.find(s, “hello”)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0–> 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5
\nstring.find(s, “world”)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11
\nstring.find(s, “l”)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0–> 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3
\nstring.find(s, “lll”)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> nil
\nstring.find\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff1a\u6807\u793a\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b50\u4e32\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u4ece\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u884c\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\uff1a
\nlocal t = {}\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u5b58\u653e\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e
\nlocal i = 0
\nwhile true do
\ni = string.find(s, “\\n”, i+1)\u00a0 —\u00a0\u67e5\u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c
\nif i == nil then break end
\ntable.insert(t, i)
\nend<\/p>\n
string.sub(str,sPos,ePos)
\nstring.gsub\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u622a\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6307\u5b9a\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u622a\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002string.sub\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528string.find\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u503c\u622a\u53d6\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5b50\u4e32\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8eab
\ns = “hello world”
\nlocal i, j = string.find(s, “hello”)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0–> 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5
\nstring.sub(s, i, j)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> hello<\/p>\n
string.gsub(str, sourcestr, desstr)
\nstring.gsub\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e32\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u66ff\u6362\u4e32\u5176\u66ff\u6362\u6389\uff1a
\nstring.gsub\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u4e32\u3002
\ns =\u00a0string.gsub(“Lua is cute”, “cute”, “great”)
\nprint(s)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> Lua is great
\ns =\u00a0string.gsub(“all lii”, “l”, “x”)
\nprint(s)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> axx xii
\ns =\u00a0string.gsub(“Lua is great”, “perl”, “tcl”)
\nprint(s)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> Lua is great
\n\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u9650\u5236\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1a
\ns =\u00a0string.gsub(“all lii”, “l”, “x”, 1)
\nprint(s)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> axl lii
\ns =\u00a0string.gsub(“all lii”, “l”, “x”, 2)
\nprint(s)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –> axx lii
\nstring.gsub\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u6d8c\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7a7a\u683c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff1a
\n_, count =\u00a0string.gsub(str, ” “, ” “)
\n\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c_ \u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54d1\u5143\u53d8\u91cf\uff09<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u6307\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5408\u5185\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u9879\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b%d\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32’%d%d\/%d%d\/%d%d%d%d’\u641c\u7d22dd\/mm\/yyyy\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u65e5\u671f\uff1a
\ns = “Deadline is 30\/05\/1999, firm”
\ndate = “%d%d\/%d%d\/%d%d%d%d”
\nprint(string.sub(s, string.find(s, date)))\u00a0 \u00a0 –> 30\/05\/1999
\n\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u5217\u51fa\u4e86Lua\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26(\u9664^$()%.[]*+-?\u5916): \u4e0e\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u81ea\u8eab\u914d\u5bf9
\n.(\u70b9): \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u914d\u5bf9
\n%a: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u6bcd\u914d\u5bf9
\n%c: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u7b26\u914d\u5bf9(\u4f8b\u5982\\n)
\n%d: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u5b57\u914d\u5bf9
\n%l: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u914d\u5bf9
\n%p: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u70b9(punctuation)\u914d\u5bf9
\n%s: \u4e0e\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u914d\u5bf9
\n%u: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u914d\u5bf9
\n%w: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u6bcd\/\u6570\u5b57\u914d\u5bf9
\n%x: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u914d\u5bf9
\n%z: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u88680\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u914d\u5bf9
\n%x(\u6b64\u5904x\u662f\u975e\u5b57\u6bcd\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26): \u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26x\u914d\u5bf9. \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26(^$()%.[]*+-?)\u7684\u914d\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898, \u4f8b\u5982%%\u4e0e%\u914d\u5bf9
\n[\u6570\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b]:\u00a0\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55[]\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u914d\u5bf9. \u4f8b\u5982[%w_]\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u6bcd\/\u6570\u5b57, \u6216\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7b26\u53f7(_)\u914d\u5bf9
\n[^\u6570\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b]: \u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5728[]\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u914d\u5bf9. \u4f8b\u5982[^%s]\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u914d\u5bf9<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7528\u5927\u5199\u4e66\u5199\u65f6, \u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u975e\u6b64\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u914d\u5bf9. \u4f8b\u5982, %S\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u914d\u5bf9.\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c’%A’\u975e\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26
\nprint(string.gsub(“hello, up-down!”, “%A”, “.”))
\n–> hello..up.down. 4
\n\uff08\u6570\u5b574\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u662fgsub\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u53d1\u751f\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6253\u5370gsub\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u3002\uff09\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0cLua\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n( ) . % + – * ? [ ^ $
\n‘%’ \u7528\u4f5c\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 ‘%.’ \u5339\u914d\u70b9\uff1b’%%’ \u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26 ‘%’\u3002\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26 ‘%’\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8f6c\u4e49\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u975e\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6709\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u8d77\u89c1\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u8f6c\u4e49\u4ed6\u3002
\n\u5bf9 Lua\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c’%’ \u624d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u5185\u653e\u7f6e\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u653e\u7f6e\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 ‘\\’ \u8f6c\u4e49\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c’\\’ \u662fLua\u7684\u8f6c\u4e49\u7b26\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u6216\u8005\u5b57\u7b26\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\uff1aLua\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3achar-set\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4f20\u7edf\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u8868 \u8fbe\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c'[%w_]’ \u5c06\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u6bcd\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff0c'[01]’ \u5339\u914d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\uff0c'[%[%]]’ \u5339\u914d\u4e00\u5bf9\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
_, nvow = string.gsub(text, “[AEIOUaeiou]”, “”)<\/p>\n
\u5728 char-set\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4\u90fd \u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c’%d’ \u8868\u793a ‘[0-9]’\uff1b’%x’ \u8868\u793a ‘[0-9a-fA-F]’\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u627e\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4f7f\u7528 ‘[0-7]’ \u800c\u4e0d\u662f ‘[01234567]’\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6(char-set)\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u4f7f\u7528 ‘^’ \u8868\u793a\u5176\u8865\u96c6\uff1a'[^0-7]’ \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u662f\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1b'[^\\n]’ \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u6237\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5199\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u8868\u793a\u5176\u8865\u96c6\uff1a’%S’ \u6bd4 ‘[^%s]’ \u8981\u7b80\u77ed\u4e9b\u3002
\nLua\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 ‘[a-z]’ \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e ‘%l’ \u8868\u793a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5305\u62ec ‘\u00e7’ \u548c ‘\u00e3’\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u8005\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u51fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u6a21\u5f0f\u589e\u5f3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\uff0cLua\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n
+\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u5b57\u7b261\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21
\n*\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u5b57\u7b260\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21
\n–\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u5b57\u7b260\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21
\n?\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5339\u914d\u524d\u4e00\u5b57\u7b260\u6b21\u62161\u6b21<\/p>\n
‘+’\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5339\u914d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32 ‘%a+’ \u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff1a<\/p>\n
print(string.gsub(“one, and two; and three”, “%a+”, “word”))
\n–> word, word word; word word<\/p>\n
‘%d+’ \u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u6574\u6570\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
i, j = string.find(“the number 1298 is even”, “%d+”)
\nprint(i,j)\u00a0 \u00a0 –> 12\u00a0 15<\/p>\n
‘*’ \u4e0e ‘+’ \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b260\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0. \u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u5bf9\u5706\u62ec\u53f7()\u6216\u8005\u62ec\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ‘%(%s*%)’\u3002\uff08 ‘%s*’ \u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d0\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5706\u62ec\u53f7\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 ‘%’ \u8f6c\u4e49\u4ed6\u3002\uff09\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c'[_%a][_%w]*’ \u5339\u914dLua\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u793a\u7b26\uff1a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u8005\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u6570\u5b57\u5e8f\u5217\u3002
\n‘-‘ \u4e0e ‘*’ \u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u76840\u6b21\u6216\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u5339\u914d\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f ‘[_%a][_%w]-‘ \u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6807\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a ‘[_%w]-‘ \u6c38\u8fdc\u5339\u914d\u7a7a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u4f60\u60f3\u67e5\u627eC\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 ‘\/%*.*%*\/’\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4 “\/*” \u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ddf\u7740 “*\/” \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e ‘.*’ \u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u662f\u6700\u957f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a “\/*” \u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a “*\/” \u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n
test = “int x; \/* x *\/ int y; \/* y *\/”
\nprint(string.gsub(test, “\/%*.*%*\/”, “<COMMENT>”))
\n–> int x; <COMMENT><\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\u6a21\u5f0f ‘.-‘ \u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5979\u4f1a\u5339\u914d “\/*” \u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a “*\/” \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n
test = “int x; \/* x *\/ int y; \/* y *\/”
\nprint(string.gsub(test, “\/%*.-%*\/”, “<COMMENT>”))
\n–> int x; <COMMENT> int y; <COMMENT><\/p>\n
‘?’ \u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b260\u6b21\u62161\u6b21\u3002 \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u672c\u5185\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u6574\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6709\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f ‘[+-]?%d+’ \u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u50cf “-12″\u3001”23” \u548c “+1009” \u7b49\u6570\u5b57\u3002'[+-]’ \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d ‘+’ \u6216\u8005 ‘-‘ \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\uff1b\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684 ‘?’ \u610f\u601d\u662f\u5339\u914d\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b0\u6b21\u6216\u80051\u6b21\u3002
\n\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0cLua\u4e2d\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u7ec4\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u4f5c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u9664\u975e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\uff09\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u7ed5\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002
\n\u4ee5 ‘^’ \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5 ‘$’ \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u4e32\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4f60\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08anchor\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
if string.find(s, “^%d”) then …<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u800c<\/p>\n
if string.find(s, “^[+-]?%d+$”) then …<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u3002
\n‘%b’ \u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5e38\u5199\u4e3a ‘%bxy’ \uff0cx\u548cy\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1bx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cy\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c’%b()’ \u5339\u914d\u4ee5 ‘(‘ \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5 ‘)’ \u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a<\/p>\n
print(string.gsub(“a (enclosed (in) parentheses) line”, “%b()”, “”))
\n–> a line<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\uff1a’%b()’ \uff0c’%b[]’\uff0c’%b%{%}’ \u548c ‘%b<>’\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u5728string\u5e93\u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u662f\uff1a string.find\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u67e5\u627e\uff09 s …<\/p>\n